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Knowledge that protects engines

Practical, independent explanations of oil specifications, viscosity, lubrication, engine protection, and automotive fluids.

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Automotive lubricant testing in a modern laboratory

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Modern automatic transmission and service tools on a clean workshop bench.
Specifications Explained

ZF LifeguardFluid 8 and 9 Explained

ZF LifeguardFluid 8 and LifeguardFluid 9 are distinct service fluids for specific ZF automatic transmissions. This guide explains why the number does not simply match the number of gears, how hybrid applications complicate the choice, and how to verify the correct fluid before service.

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Specifications Explained A modern turbocharged hybrid powertrain is protected by flowing golden motor oil.

Introducing the ACEA A7/B7 and C6 Specifications

The 2021 and the 2022 update to the ACEA sequences bring new categories for passenger cars and light duty vehicles. ACEA A7/B7's predecessor, the A5/B5 category remains for now and can still be used by...

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Specifications Explained A heavy-duty diesel engine and exhaust aftertreatment system undergo laboratory testing.

Introducing the ACEA E8 and E11 Specifications

2022 brings a long-awaited update of the ACEA Engine Oil Sequences in the heavy-duty category, which have not been updated since 2016. E8 replaces E6, while E11 replaces E9 starting from May 2022. So, the...

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Oils and Lubrication A cutaway engine contrasts abnormal pre-ignition with normal combustion.

What is Low Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI) and How Can It Be Avoided?

Engine manufacturers have been striving for a long time to reach higher and higher efficiency in their engines combined with lower and lower fuel consumption. One of the most efficient ways for a gasoline engine...

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Things to Know About Viscosity Three precision automotive gear sets receive streams of golden gear oil.

New Gear Oil Viscosity Grades: SAE 65, 70 and 75

In February 2019, the SAE J306 standard – that sets the limits for gear oil viscosity grades – has been updated. Three new viscosity grades – SAE 65, 70 and 75 – were introduced and...

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Oils and Lubrication A collection of oils, grease, bearings, gears, filter media, and piston components.

10 Things You (Probably) Didn’t Know About Oils

1. Viscosity is only one - and not even the most important - aspect of the oil Viscosity is usually the second most visually prominent information on an oil can, right after the brand name...

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Specifications Explained Golden motor oil protects engine components beside an exhaust aftertreatment filter.

ACEA 2016: Good Bye A1/B1, Welcome C5

The European Automobile Manufacturers' Association (ACEA) introduced its new oil sequences on December 1, 2016. The new specifications have been long awaited by the industry since there have been 4 years between the ACEA 2012...

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Specifications Explained A fleet technician inspects an engine oil sample beside heavy-duty diesel trucks.

API CK-4 and FA-4 Specifications in a Nutshell

The American Petroleum Institute launched two new diesel specifications in 2016. The specification criteria were revealed last winter and the first claims can be made starting from December 1st, 2016 so oil manufacturers have time...

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Oils and Lubrication A mechanic compares fresh and used motor oil during an oil drain service.

About Oil Drain Intervals

Many car owners still believe that the motor oil should be changed once in every 5000 miles. It's not that simple. Vehicle manufacturers usually set two oil change intervals: one of them is measured in...

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Oils and Lubrication A mechanic adds fresh motor oil during a scheduled oil and filter change.

Why does the motor oil need to be changed regulary?

The motor oil costs only a small fraction of the total amount that you spend on your car but choosing the right oil can save you large sums. Low quality or overused motor oil is...

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